132 research outputs found
A Survey on Mobile Charging Techniques in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks
The recent breakthrough in wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has empowered wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by facilitating stable and continuous energy supply to sensors through mobile chargers (MCs). A plethora of studies have been carried out over the last decade in this regard. However, no comprehensive survey exists to compile the state-of-the-art literature and provide insight into future research directions. To fill this gap, we put forward a detailed survey on mobile charging techniques (MCTs) in WRSNs. In particular, we first describe the network model, various WPT techniques with empirical models, system design issues and performance metrics concerning the MCTs. Next, we introduce an exhaustive taxonomy of the MCTs based on various design attributes and then review the literature by categorizing it into periodic and on-demand charging techniques. In addition, we compare the state-of-the-art MCTs in terms of objectives, constraints, solution approaches, charging options, design issues, performance metrics, evaluation methods, and limitations. Finally, we highlight some potential directions for future research
A Semantic-Based Method for Extracting Concept Definitions from Scientific Publications: Evaluation in the Autism Phenotype Domain
Background: A variety of informatics approaches have been developed that use information retrieval, NLP and text-mining techniques to identify biomedical concepts and relations within scientific publications or their sentences. These approaches have not typically addressed the challenge of extracting more complex knowledge such as biomedical definitions. In our efforts to facilitate knowledge acquisition of rule-based definitions of autism phenotypes, we have developed a novel semantic-based text-mining approach that can automatically identify such definitions within text.
Results: Using an existing knowledge base of 156 autism phenotype definitions and an annotated corpus of 26 source articles containing such definitions, we evaluated and compared the average rank of correctly identified rule definition or corresponding rule template using both our semantic-based approach and a standard term-based approach. We examined three separate scenarios: (1) the snippet of text contained a definition already in the knowledge base; (2) the snippet contained an alternative definition for a concept in the knowledge base; and (3) the snippet contained a definition not in the knowledge base. Our semantic-based approach had a higher average rank than the term-based approach for each of the three scenarios (scenario 1: 3.8 vs. 5.0; scenario 2: 2.8 vs. 4.9; and scenario 3: 4.5 vs. 6.2), with each comparison significant at the p-value of 0.05 using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Conclusions: Our work shows that leveraging existing domain knowledge in the information extraction of biomedical definitions significantly improves the correct identification of such knowledge within sentences. Our method can thus help researchers rapidly acquire knowledge about biomedical definitions that are specified and evolving within an ever-growing corpus of scientific publications
Super-roughening versus intrinsic anomalous scaling of surfaces
In this paper we study kinetically rough surfaces which display anomalous
scaling in their local properties such as roughness, or height-height
correlation function. By studying the power spectrum of the surface and its
relation to the height-height correlation, we distinguish two independent
causes for anomalous scaling. One is super-roughening (global roughness
exponent larger than or equal to one), even if the spectrum behaves non
anomalously. Another cause is what we term an intrinsically anomalous spectrum,
in whose scaling an independent exponent exists, which induces different
scaling properties for small and large length scales (that is, the surface is
not self-affine). In this case, the surface does not need to be super-rough in
order to display anomalous scaling. In both cases, we show how to extract the
independent exponents and scaling relations from the correlation functions, and
we illustrate our analysis with two exactly solvable examples. One is the
simplest linear equation for molecular beam epitaxy , well known to display
anomalous scaling due to super-roughening. The second example is a random
diffusion equation, which features anomalous scaling independent of the value
of the global roughness exponent below or above one.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Revtex (uses epsfig), Phys. Rev. E, submitte
Making Study Populations Visible through Knowledge Graphs
Treatment recommendations within Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are
largely based on findings from clinical trials and case studies, referred to
here as research studies, that are often based on highly selective clinical
populations, referred to here as study cohorts. When medical practitioners
apply CPG recommendations, they need to understand how well their patient
population matches the characteristics of those in the study cohort, and thus
are confronted with the challenges of locating the study cohort information and
making an analytic comparison. To address these challenges, we develop an
ontology-enabled prototype system, which exposes the population descriptions in
research studies in a declarative manner, with the ultimate goal of allowing
medical practitioners to better understand the applicability and
generalizability of treatment recommendations. We build a Study Cohort Ontology
(SCO) to encode the vocabulary of study population descriptions, that are often
reported in the first table in the published work, thus they are often referred
to as Table 1. We leverage the well-used Semanticscience Integrated Ontology
(SIO) for defining property associations between classes. Further, we model the
key components of Table 1s, i.e., collections of study subjects, subject
characteristics, and statistical measures in RDF knowledge graphs. We design
scenarios for medical practitioners to perform population analysis, and
generate cohort similarity visualizations to determine the applicability of a
study population to the clinical population of interest. Our semantic approach
to make study populations visible, by standardized representations of Table 1s,
allows users to quickly derive clinically relevant inferences about study
populations.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted to the ISWC 2019 Resources
Track (https://iswc2019.semanticweb.org/call-for-resources-track-papers/
Scaling Approach to Calculate Critical Exponents in Anomalous Surface Roughening
We study surface growth models exhibiting anomalous scaling of the local
surface fluctuations. An analytical approach to determine the local scaling
exponents of continuum growth models is proposed. The method allows to predict
when a particular growth model will have anomalous properties () and to calculate the local exponents. Several continuum growth
equations are examined as examples.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, no figs. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Bark Extract of Lantana camara in 1M HCl as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel
Lantana camara, an invasive species that adversely affects habitant, bioregions and environment has been studied as corrosion inhibitor. Methanolic extract of barks of Lantana camara in 1 M hydrochloric acid was tested as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of extract varied with concentration of extract and immersion of time. The inhibition was found to increase with increase in concentration of the extract. The polarization behavior of mild steel revealed that maximum inhibition efficiency is 97.33 % and 89.93 % respectively in the 1000 and 200 ppm concentration of the inhibitor respectively. The results showed that the extract of the barks of Lantana camara served as a mixed type inhibitor
Dynamic Scaling of Ion-Sputtered Surfaces
We derive a stochastic nonlinear equation to describe the evolution and
scaling properties of surfaces eroded by ion bombardment. The coefficients
appearing in the equation can be calculated explicitly in terms of the physical
parameters characterizing the sputtering process. We find that transitions may
take place between various scaling behaviors when experimental parameters such
as the angle of incidence of the incoming ions or their average penetration
depth, are varied.Comment: 13 pages, Revtex, 2 figure
Kinetic roughening of surfaces: Derivation, solution and application of linear growth equations
We present a comprehensive analysis of a linear growth model, which combines
the characteristic features of the Edwards--Wilkinson and noisy Mullins
equations. This model can be derived from microscopics and it describes the
relaxation and growth of surfaces under conditions where the nonlinearities can
be neglected. We calculate in detail the surface width and various correlation
functions characterizing the model. In particular, we study the crossover
scaling of these functions between the two limits described by the combined
equation. Also, we study the effect of colored and conserved noise on the
growth exponents, and the effect of different initial conditions. The
contribution of a rough substrate to the surface width is shown to decay
universally as , where is
the time--dependent correlation length associated with the growth process,
is the initial roughness and the correlation length of the
substrate roughness, and is the surface dimensionality. As a second
application, we compute the large distance asymptotics of the height
correlation function and show that it differs qualitatively from the functional
forms commonly used in the intepretation of scattering experiments.Comment: 28 pages with 4 PostScript figures, uses titlepage.sty; to appear in
Phys. Rev.
- …